Goblin Core 100k List Benchmark

Generated on a dedicated benchmark host at 2026-07-16 19:21:14 UTC.

Summary

goblin-resp-tcp leads 8 of 8 fixed-command rows, reaches 1.99x the fastest incumbent on middle-list LINDEX, population is 1.4% behind the fastest incumbent, and uses 25.35 RSS-delta bytes/item. goblin-sbe-ring leads 8 of 8 fixed-command rows, reaches 3.29x the fastest incumbent on middle-list LINDEX, population is 1475.1% ahead of the fastest incumbent, and uses 26.05 RSS-delta bytes/item. goblin-pma-resp-tcp leads 8 of 8 fixed-command rows, reaches 2.52x the fastest incumbent on middle-list LINDEX, population is 46.7% behind the fastest incumbent, and uses 27.85 RSS-delta bytes/item. goblin-resp-tcp is the leanest key representation at 17.16 accounted bytes/item versus 18.14 from the leanest incumbent's key-level counter. The leanest incumbent uses 21.42 RSS-delta bytes/item. TCP compound rows use the Python RESP pipeline; ring rows use the native C++ SBE client at the same pipeline depth. Fixed TCP rows use redis-benchmark.

Method

100,000 distinct 16-byte values in one list.
Population: multi-value RPUSH batches of 128. RESP/TCP and SBE/ring both use pipeline depth 256.
Population measures command ingestion, not Goblin Core native snapshot restoration; native restore reconstructs each list in one bulk operation and uses the compatible raw-copy accelerator when present.
Fixed-command rates: 200,000 requests and one client. RESP/TCP uses pipeline depth 256 and the median of 3 redis-benchmark runs. SBE/ring uses the median of 3 native C++ runs at the same pipeline depth.
Compound rates keep the list length constant. TCP engines use the existing RESP pipeline client; the ring row uses the native typed SBE client.
Transport matrix: Goblin Core is measured as goblin-resp-tcp and goblin-sbe-ring; every incumbent is measured over RESP/TCP. No UDS row is included. The ring row uses a 2mb request and reply ring.
Linux affinity: server core 2, client/load-generator core 3 (-1 means unpinned). Ring client and server must not share a core.
Goblin implementation engines use their qualified command family (goblin-pma becomes GOBLIN.PMA.*); goblin exercises the selected standard aliases.
Redis and Valkey use benchmarks/redis-parity.conf; Dragonfly uses one proactor thread for single-core parity. The intended target is a modest single-core memory server; the quiet benchmark host is a 64-core machine. Engines run one at a time.
mini-redis-go runs as an external TCP server with GOMAXPROCS=1, AOF disabled, and metrics disabled. Unsupported commands are shown as n/a, not timed error replies.
RSS is read from the launched server PID: mini-redis-go uses ps -o rss=, while the other engines use Linux /proc/<pid>/status as VmRSS + HugetlbPages. No server-reported RSS field is used. INFO used_memory and MEMORY USAGE are independent corroborating counters; RSS/INFO deltas subtract the empty-server baseline.
Per-key bytes are MEMORY USAGE where an incumbent exposes it and GOBLIN.MEMORY total_allocated_bytes on Goblin Core. mini-redis-go exposes neither INFO memory nor MEMORY USAGE, so its RSS is the cross-engine memory measurement.
Incumbents are exercised strictly as black-box RESP servers; their source code is not inspected.

Population

Engine	items/s	seconds	RPUSH commands
`goblin-resp-tcp`	1,472,900	0.0679	782
`goblin-sbe-ring`	23,519,832	0.0043	782
`goblin-pma-resp-tcp`	796,505	0.1255	782
`redis-7.2.4`	1,493,261	0.0670	782
`redis-8.8`	1,470,975	0.0680	782
`valkey-9.1`	1,444,738	0.0692	782
`dragonfly`	1,053,633	0.0949	782
`mini-redis-go-55178df`	941,496	0.1062	782

Operations

Logical operations per second. Fixed TCP commands use redis-benchmark; ring commands use the native C++ SBE client. Compound rows count a two-command pair as one logical operation.

Operation	goblin-resp-tcp	goblin-sbe-ring	goblin-pma-resp-tcp	redis-7.2.4	redis-8.8	valkey-9.1	dragonfly	mini-redis-go-55178df
`LLEN control`	3,574,857	11,396,967	3,228,903	2,780,444	2,249,348	2,063,835	1,493,970	88,856
`LINDEX 0`	2,819,605	6,441,440	2,502,400	2,224,356	1,962,667	1,711,043	1,243,429	n/a
`LINDEX 25000`	2,274,909	4,256,173	2,383,238	1,177,600	1,118,391	1,131,028	1,037,264	n/a
`LINDEX 50000`	1,924,923	3,178,220	2,441,366	967,111	643,704	855,521	866,632	n/a
`LINDEX 75000`	1,668,267	2,533,871	2,327,814	1,493,970	1,228,172	1,220,683	848,271	n/a
`LINDEX -1`	2,441,366	4,742,012	2,411,952	2,249,348	1,943,612	1,711,043	1,228,172	n/a
`LRANGE 49992 50007`	775,938	1,303,508	741,452	464,483	397,996	441,925	303,782	70,218
`LSET 50000`	1,924,923	3,555,317	1,711,043	957,856	606,642	813,789	785,067	n/a
`LINSERT before middle pivot + LREM inserted value`	1,076	1,081	597	617	836	663	844	n/a
`LPUSH + LPOP`	97,398	168,053	215,068	211,504	199,897	199,906	183,160	543
`RPUSH + RPOP`	209,017	2,280,664	203,009	214,977	202,695	202,217	184,556	40,215
`LPUSH 8 values + LPOP count=8`	42,464	150,074	56,313	62,960	62,256	62,309	56,682	n/a
`RPUSH + LPOP`	183,026	866,641	178,127	212,553	200,662	200,597	174,115	40,843

Memory After Population

Engine	RSS MiB	RSS delta MiB	RSS delta B/item	INFO used MiB	INFO delta B/item	key-reported B/item
`goblin-resp-tcp`	8.55	2.42	25.35	1.70	17.87	17.16
`goblin-sbe-ring`	16.63	2.48	26.05	1.70	17.87	17.16
`goblin-pma-resp-tcp`	8.79	2.66	27.85	2.14	22.40	22.40
`redis-7.2.4`	8.95	2.04	21.42	2.93	21.15	20.33
`redis-8.8`	10.13	2.11	22.08	2.78	21.15	18.37
`valkey-9.1`	9.94	2.20	23.10	2.98	21.35	20.33
`dragonfly`	24.70	2.46	25.76	2.00	18.15	18.14
`mini-redis-go-55178df`	25.28	14.00	146.84	n/a	n/a	n/a

Memory After Operations

Engine	RSS MiB	INFO used MiB	key bytes/item	list length
`goblin-resp-tcp`	8.69	1.77	17.22	100000
`goblin-sbe-ring`	16.68	1.77	17.22	100000
`goblin-pma-resp-tcp`	12.08	2.54	26.64	100000
`redis-7.2.4`	9.10	3.13	17.73	100000
`redis-8.8`	10.26	2.99	18.37	100000
`valkey-9.1`	10.19	3.16	17.73	100000
`dragonfly`	25.20	2.00	18.15	100000
`mini-redis-go-55178df`	23.20	n/a	n/a	100000

Goblin List Internals

Engine	representation	phase	elements	live value MiB	dead value MiB	value alloc MiB	slots/leaves	front slack	back slack	order alloc MiB	total alloc MiB
`goblin-resp-tcp`	`segmented`	`after population`	100,000	1.63	0.00	1.63	782	0	0	0.01	1.64
`goblin-resp-tcp`	`segmented`	`after operations`	100,000	1.63	0.00	1.63	782	0	0	0.01	1.64
`goblin-sbe-ring`	`segmented`	`after population`	100,000	1.63	0.00	1.63	782	0	0	0.01	1.64
`goblin-sbe-ring`	`segmented`	`after operations`	100,000	1.63	0.00	1.63	782	0	0	0.01	1.64
`goblin-pma-resp-tcp`	`pma`	`after population`	100,000	1.53	0.00	1.53	103,093	0	1,548	0.61	2.14
`goblin-pma-resp-tcp`	`pma`	`after operations`	100,000	1.53	0.17	1.82	122,599	8,671	2,981	0.72	2.54

Tested Servers

goblin-resp-tcp
goblin-sbe-ring
goblin-pma-resp-tcp
redis-7.2.4
redis-8.8
valkey-9.1
dragonfly
mini-redis-go-55178df